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Pediatric Urologist and Urology..

Pediatric Urology i

Pediatric Urologist and Urology

  • Pediatric Urologists care for fetuses that have urologic abnormalities diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound. They also take care of children with genitourinary abnormalities and provide frequent care for prepubescent females with genital issues. Although the majority of pediatric urology patients are under the age of 18, pediatric urologists often treat adults with congenital urologic anomalies and/or reconstructive problems.
  • The division of Pediatric Urology at the AINU is committed to providing comprehensive Pediatric Urological care, and the highest quality surgical services for all genitourinary conditions in children, including penile abnormalities, hypospadias, hydroceles, hernias, undescended testicles, vesicoureteral reflux, pediatric stone disease, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and all other causes of hydronephrosis and hydroureteronephrosis. In addition, we provide experienced care for the more complex genitourinary conditions that require surgical reconstruction, like disorders of sexual differentiation, bladder exstrophy and epispadias, cloacal anomalies and the surgical management of neuropathic bladder. We also offer minimally invasive, state-of-the-art treatment modalities for children with urological abnormalities, including endoscopy, laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery.
  • In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the irreversible kidney damage brought on by urinary tract blockage and to identify novel therapeutic approaches that may be able to potentially stop or slow this process, our division maintains a basic science research programme. We are in the process of developing multiple branches and satellite locations throughout India.

Signs and symptoms to consult pediatric urology are :

In children under 18 years of age –

  • Scrotal pain (emergency)
  • Ballooning or non-retractile foreskin of the penis
  • Recurrent episodes of UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
  • Passing blood in the urine
  • Passing urine from under or upper surface of the penis with an abnormal opening of the urethra
  • Persistent bedwetting beyond the age of 5 years.
  • Persistent wetting of undergarments by the child after 3 to 4 years of age
  • Urinary retention
  • Swelling in the groin( hernia or hydrocele)
  • Testis not present in the scrotum

When your pediatrician or any other doctor diagnoses abnormalities of the Urinary tract like –

  • Hydronephrosis
  • Hydroureteronephrosis
  • Ureterocele
  • Renal agenesis
  • Renal Duplex collecting system
  • Stones/calculi in the urinary tract - kidney, ureter and bladder
  • Renal & bladder mass /tumour
  • VUR (VesicoUreteric Reflex)
  • PUV ( Posterior Urethral Valves)
  • Neurogenic bladder
  • Bowel balder dysfunction
  • When your antenatal scans show any renal problem in a fetus
female urology

What is hypospadias in children?

Its congenital condition, I which the urine tube opens in the undersurface of the penis instead of tip of penis, child mostly urinates form the under surface of penis.

When associated with conditions like undescended testis (a condition in which one or both of the testis is absent in their respective scrotum)

What causes it?

Hypospadias is caused by multifactorial like combination of genes, environmental factors, and factors such as what the mother eats or drinks, gets exposed to during pregnancy....

Are There Symptoms

  • Urinary hole (meatus) located in the undersurface of penis
  • Child Urinates form the underside of penis
  • Abnormal looking penis and scrotum
  • Can sometimes have Undescended testis

Treatment?

It needs corrective surgery bring the urine tube (urethra), to the tip of the penis (before the school going age), current recommendation for surgery is anywhere between 6 months to 18 months of age.

In case associated conditions Undescended testis also need corrective surgery before the earliest.

Ambiguous genitalia in newborns

What it is:

A rare condition where a newborn's external genitals do not clearly appear male or female.

Causes:

  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
  • Genetic abnormalities
  • Hormonal disorders

Symptoms:

  • Atypical appearance of genitalia
  • Enlarged clitoris or small penis
  • Labia that resemble a scrotum

Treatment:

  • Hormonal therapy
  • Surgical reconstruction
  • Psychological support and long-term follow-up
    • female urology

    What it is:

    Swelling of a baby’s kidneys detected during prenatal ultrasound, due to a buildup of urine.

    Causes:

    • Obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)
    • Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

    Symptoms:

    • May be asymptomatic
    • Urinary tract infections
    • Poor urine output or palpable mass

    Treatment:

    • Regular monitoring with ultrasounds
    • Surgery (pyeloplasty) if obstruction is severe
      • female urology

      Bladder Exstrophy

      A rare birth defect where the bladder is exposed outside due to abnormal development.

      Causes:

      • Abnormal development of the abdominal wall and bladder in early pregnancy

      Symptoms:

      • Visible bladder outside the abdomen
      • Urine leakage
      • Genital malformations

      Treatment:

      • Complex reconstructive surgery soon after birth
      • Continence and cosmetic procedures may be required later
      female urology

      Inguinal Hernia

      A protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal, more common in boys.

      Causes:

      • Incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis
      • Prematurity

      Symptoms:

      • Swelling or bulge in the groin, more noticeable when crying
      • Pain or discomfort

      Treatment:

      • Surgical repair (herniorrhaphy), typically outpatient
      female urology

      Hydrocele

      Fluid collection in the sac surrounding the testicle.

      Causes:

      • Persistence of the processus vaginalis
      • Secondary to infection or trauma

      Symptoms:

      • Painless scrotal swelling
      • Transillumination of fluid

      Treatment:

      • Often resolves by 1 year of age
      • Surgery (hydrocelectomy) if persistent
      female urology

      Kidney Tumor

      A cancerous tumor arising from the kidney, commonly Wilms’ tumor in children under 5.

      Causes:

      • Genetic mutations (WT1 gene)
      • Family history

      Symptoms:

      • Abdominal mass
      • Blood in urine
      • Fever, pain, or high blood pressure

      Treatment:

      • Surgery to remove the tumor
      • Chemotherapy and sometimes radiotherapy
      female urology

      Neurogenic Bladder

      A condition where nerve problems prevent normal bladder control.

      Causes:

      • Spina bifida
      • Spinal cord injuries or anomalies

      Symptoms:

      • Incontinence or retention
      • Recurrent UTIs
      • Kidney damage over time

      Treatment:

      • Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC)
      • Medications for bladder control
      • Surgery for bladder augmentation & continence if needed
      female urology

      Ovarian Tumors (Pediatric)

      Abnormal growths in the ovaries can be benign or malignant.

      Causes:

      • Genetic predisposition
      • Hormonal factors

      Symptoms:

      • Abdominal pain or swelling
      • Menstrual irregularities in adolescents
      • Palpable mass

      Treatment:

      • Surgical removal
      • Chemotherapy for malignant tumors
      female urology

      Phimosis

      A condition where the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis.

      Causes:

      • Physiological in infants (normal)
      • Pathological due to infection or scarring

      Symptoms:

      • Ballooning of the foreskin during urination
      • Painful urination
      • Recurrent infections

      Treatment:

      • Topical steroid creams
      • Circumcision in persistent cases
      female urology

      Hydronephrosis

      Swelling of the kidney due to urine buildup.

      Causes:

      • UPJ obstruction
      • VUR
      • Stones or structural abnormalities

      Symptoms:

      • Flank or abdominal pain
      • Nausea or vomiting
      • Recurrent UTIs

      Treatment:

      • Observation for mild cases
      • Surgery for significant obstruction
      • Antibiotics for infection prevention
      female urology

      Posterior Urethral Valve (PUV)

      A congenital obstruction of the urethra in male infants.

      Causes:

      • Abnormal valve-like flaps in the posterior urethra

      Symptoms:

      • Poor urine stream
      • Urinary retention
      • Recurrent UTIs and kidney damage

      Treatment:

      • Endoscopic valve ablation
      • Long-term renal monitoring
      female urology

      Undescended Testes (Cryptorchidism)

      One or both testicles have not moved into the scrotum before birth.

      Causes:

      • Hormonal imbalance
      • Premature birth

      Symptoms:

      • Empty scrotum
      • Palpable testis in the groin

      Treatment:

      • Hormonal therapy (less common)
      • Surgery (orchidopexy) usually between 6–15 months of age
      female urology

      Testicular Tumors (Pediatric)

      Abnormal growths in the testicle; may be benign or malignant.

      Causes:

      • Congenital abnormalities
      • Genetic predisposition

      Symptoms:

      • Painless testicular mass
      • Heaviness or swelling

      Treatment:

      • Surgical removal (orchiectomy)
      • Chemotherapy or radiotherapy if cancerous
      female urology

      Urolithiasis (Kidney Stones in Children)

      Formation of stones in the kidney or urinary tract.

      Causes:

      • Dehydration
      • Dietary imbalances
      • Metabolic disorders

      Symptoms:

      • Severe flank or abdominal pain
      • Blood in urine
      • Nausea or vomiting

      Treatment:

      • Increased fluid intake
      • Medications to dissolve or prevent stones
      • Minimally invasive procedures (lithotripsy, endoscopy)
      female urology

      Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)

      A condition where urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidneys.

      Causes:

      • Congenital valve defect
      • Secondary to obstruction or bladder dysfunction

      Symptoms:

      • Recurrent UTIs
      • Bedwetting
      • Kidney damage in severe cases

      Treatment:

      • Antibiotic prophylaxis for low grades
      • Surgical reimplantation of ureters for high grades

      Meet Our Pediatric Urology Experts

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      Frequently asked questions :

      Pediatric urologist treat conditions associated with congenital all the congenital anomalies in children, including few acquired conditions like stone diseases.

      Pediatric urologist treat with children from birth till college- in short age of vertical growth

      In rare circumstances, they would handle adult patients along with adult urologists.

      A- Phimosis, hernia, hydrocele, undescended testis, hypospadias, posterior urethral valves, bedwetting, neurogenic bladders.

      Circumcision, hernia & hydrocele repairs, hypospadias repair, orchiopexy, pyeloplasty, ureteric reimplantation, bladder extrophy repairs, PUV fulgurations, lithotripsy including ureterolithotripsay and percutaneous lithotripsy.

      MIS includes lithotripsies, pyeloplasty, ureteric reimplantation, valve fulgurations.

      Yes, would treat all kinds of DSD’s and this could be done with endocrinology and psychiatrist help

      In child any kind of bladder outlet or any urinary tract obstruction is dealt by pediatric urologist

      Basic research is currently on prevention of kidney damage at AINU

      Scrotal pain is a medical emergency and there can be surgical or nonsurgical caused of it, but every child needs to see a pediatric urologist immediately in case of scrotal pain.

      Repeated urinary tract infections, any abnormality seen below the level of umbilicus or any urological condition related to kidney, ureter bladder or genital region diagnosed by your pediatrician in a child, would need to visit pediatric urologist.

      PUV (POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES), PUJO (PELVI URETERIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION), VUR (VESICO URETERIC REFLEX), EEC (EXTROPHY EPISPADIAS COMPLEX), DSD (DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION), Hypospadias, Hernia, Hydrocele, Stone in Urinary Tract, Phimosis.

      A- Any abnormality related genito-urinary tract to antenatal scans need pediatric urologist visit, for diagnosis and after birth management plan.

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